![]() Clinically, hypertension is usually asymptomatic until organ damage occurs, with the brain, heart, kidneys, and/or eyes (e.g., retinopathy, myocardial infarction, stroke) most commonly affected. Typical underlying conditions include renal, endocrine, and vascular diseases (e.g., renal failure, primary hyperaldosteronism, coarctation of the aorta). ![]() Primary hypertension accounts for ∼ 90% of cases of hypertension and has no detectable cause, whereas secondary hypertension is caused by a specific underlying condition. ![]() Hypertension can be classified as either primary (essential) or secondary. The 2017 American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines define hypertension in adults as a blood pressure of ≥ 130/80 mm Hg and the Eighth Joint National Committee ( JNC 8) criteria specify ≥ 140/90 mm Hg. Hypertension (HTN) is a common condition that affects one in every three adults in the United States and is becoming increasingly prevalent among children.
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